The International Energy Agency further tempered its stance on an imminent peak in oil demand, reinstating a scenario in which global consumption keeps growing to the middle of the century.
While oil demand was set to plateau or fall this decade in all three scenarios the IEA examined last year, the latest report reintroduces a “Current Policies Scenario” in which consumption rises 13% by 2050. The stronger outlook hinges on a slower pace of electric vehicle adoption.
The revival of the CPS after a five-year hiatus marks the latest revaluation of oil’s long-term prospects by the agency and the wider energy industry. It also comes at a time when the White House is held by an administration that both champions fossil fuels and attacks renewable energy sources.
Forecasts from the Paris-based IEA — established following the 1973 oil shock — are used globally as a benchmark by governments and energy companies for planning policy and investments. The agency’s analysis may provide sobering reading for delegates gathering in Brazil this week for the United Nations-sponsored climate talks known as COP30.
The report on Wednesday is another shift in tone for the agency, which in September said that billions of dollars need to be invested in new oil and gas supplies — having previously drawn fire for saying that such investment was incompatible with climate goals. Republican lawmakers have assailed the agency and sought to cut its funding.
“The main reason we have two new scenarios is the growing uncertainties in the political, economy and energy context,” Executive Director Fatih Birol said in a phone interview from the agency’s Paris headquarters. He pushed back on suggestion that the revival of the CPS was due to US pressure.
The IEA’s latest outlook is consistent with a trend across the energy industry. In September, BP Plc pushed back projections that consumption could top out as early as this year.
In addition to CPS, the report continues to include the Stated Policies Scenario, or STEPS, in which oil demand peaks around 2030. The report didn’t prioritize any pathway as being more likely.
“One major determinant of future oil demand is electrification of the transport sector,” Birol said. “It will depend on government policies”
Electric Vehicles
In CPS, global oil consumption climbs from roughly 100 million barrels a day to 113 million in 2050, as the share of EVs in total global car sales broadly plateaus after 2035. In STEPS, the share of EV sales is projected to double by 2030 and rise above 50% five years later. The CPS scenario poses a drag on growth in wind and solar energy, and a stronger trajectory for natural gas.
Inevitably, the two paths entail different consequences for world oil markets and prices. In the CPS, “higher demand mops up any excess oil and LNG supply more quickly,” bolstering oil prices to about $90 a barrel in 2035. Meeting the demand will require roughly 25 million barrels per day of new projects, and supplies from producers currently subject to sanctions.
